aar
After-Action Review—structured debrief asking what was expected, what happened, why the difference, and what next. Use after projects, launches, presentations, or any significant event.
What this skill does
# After-Action Review Conduct a structured debrief to extract learning from any significant event or experience. ## Instructions Work through the four core questions honestly and specifically. Focus on events and systems, not blaming individuals. ### Output Format **Event**: What are we reviewing? **Date**: When did it happen? **Participants**: Who was involved? --- ## 1. What Was Expected? *Before the event, what did we think would happen?* **Goals/Objectives** - [What were we trying to achieve?] **Plan** - [What was the plan to achieve it?] **Success Criteria** - [How would we know if we succeeded?] **Assumptions** - [What did we assume would be true?] --- ## 2. What Actually Happened? *Facts only—what occurred, not why* **Timeline** | Time | Event | |------|-------| | [When] | [What happened] | **Outcomes** - [What results did we get?] **Compared to Expected** | Expected | Actual | Gap | |----------|--------|-----| | [expectation] | [reality] | [+/-] | --- ## 3. Why the Difference? *Analysis of the gap between expected and actual* **What Went Well** (sustain these) | Success | Contributing Factors | |---------|---------------------| | [what worked] | [why it worked] | **What Didn't Go Well** (improve these) | Problem | Root Cause | |---------|-----------| | [what failed] | [why it failed] | **Surprises** - [Things we didn't anticipate] --- ## 4. What Do We Do Next? *Specific actions to sustain or improve* **Sustain** (keep doing these) | Action | Owner | How to Protect It | |--------|-------|-------------------| | [what to continue] | [who] | [mechanism] | **Improve** (change these) | Action | Owner | By When | |--------|-------|---------| | [what to change] | [who] | [deadline] | --- **Key Takeaways** Top 3 lessons from this review: 1. [Lesson] 2. [Lesson] 3. [Lesson] **Follow-up** When will we check if improvements are working? ## Guidelines - Do this soon—memory fades fast - Be specific: "Communication failed" → "We didn't update Slack until hour 3" - Balance: Include what went well, not just problems - Assign owners: Insights without ownership become forgotten - Make it safe: Blame shuts down honesty $ARGUMENTS
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