angular-http
Angular HttpClient with interceptors, error handling, retry, and caching patterns. Covers functional interceptors and typed responses. USE WHEN: user mentions "HttpClient", "Angular HTTP", "interceptors", "API calls", "Angular REST", "HTTP error handling", "auth interceptor" DO NOT USE FOR: Axios - use `axios` skill, Fetch API directly, backend HTTP frameworks
What this skill does
# Angular HTTP - Quick Reference
> **Deep Knowledge**: Use `mcp__documentation__fetch_docs` with technology: `angular`, topic: `http` for comprehensive documentation.
## HttpClient Setup
```typescript
// app.config.ts
import { provideHttpClient, withInterceptors } from '@angular/common/http';
import { authInterceptor } from './core/interceptors/auth.interceptor';
import { errorInterceptor } from './core/interceptors/error.interceptor';
export const appConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
providers: [
provideHttpClient(withInterceptors([authInterceptor, errorInterceptor])),
]
};
```
## Functional Interceptors (Angular 15+)
```typescript
// Auth interceptor
import { HttpInterceptorFn } from '@angular/common/http';
import { inject } from '@angular/core';
export const authInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
const token = inject(AuthService).getToken();
if (token) {
req = req.clone({
setHeaders: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` },
});
}
return next(req);
};
// Error interceptor
export const errorInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
return next(req).pipe(
catchError((error: HttpErrorResponse) => {
if (error.status === 401) {
inject(Router).navigate(['/login']);
}
return throwError(() => error);
})
);
};
// Loading interceptor
export const loadingInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
const loading = inject(LoadingService);
loading.show();
return next(req).pipe(finalize(() => loading.hide()));
};
```
## Service Pattern with Error Handling
```typescript
@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
export class UserService {
private http = inject(HttpClient);
private baseUrl = '/api/users';
getUsers(): Observable<User[]> {
return this.http.get<User[]>(this.baseUrl).pipe(
retry({ count: 2, delay: 1000 }),
catchError(this.handleError),
);
}
create(user: CreateUserDto): Observable<User> {
return this.http.post<User>(this.baseUrl, user).pipe(
catchError(this.handleError),
);
}
private handleError(error: HttpErrorResponse): Observable<never> {
let message = 'An error occurred';
if (error.status === 0) {
message = 'Network error';
} else if (error.status === 404) {
message = 'Resource not found';
}
return throwError(() => new Error(message));
}
}
```
## Typed Responses
```typescript
// With observe: 'response' for full response
getWithHeaders(): Observable<HttpResponse<User[]>> {
return this.http.get<User[]>(this.baseUrl, { observe: 'response' });
}
// With params
search(query: string, page: number): Observable<PaginatedResult<User>> {
const params = new HttpParams()
.set('q', query)
.set('page', page.toString());
return this.http.get<PaginatedResult<User>>(this.baseUrl, { params });
}
```
## Anti-Patterns
| Anti-Pattern | Why It's Bad | Correct Approach |
|--------------|--------------|------------------|
| Class-based interceptors | Verbose, deprecated | Use functional `HttpInterceptorFn` |
| Not typing responses | No compile-time checks | Use `http.get<Type>()` |
| Subscribing in services | Tight coupling | Return observables, subscribe in components |
| No error handling | Silent failures | Use `catchError` in service |
## Quick Troubleshooting
| Issue | Likely Cause | Solution |
|-------|--------------|----------|
| HTTP call not firing | Forgot to subscribe | Subscribe to the observable |
| Interceptor not running | Not in providers | Add to `withInterceptors()` |
| CORS error | Backend config | Configure CORS on server |
| Wrong content type | Missing header | HttpClient sets JSON by default |
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