bitcoin-l2-threshold-tbtc
Threshold Network (tBTC): federated BTC bridge to Ethereum/EVM chains with t-of-n threshold signers, random group selection. USE WHEN: bridging BTC to Ethereum DeFi, evaluating tBTC vs wBTC.
What this skill does
# Threshold Network (tBTC) Decentralized BTC-pegged token on Ethereum-compatible chains. Uses **threshold signatures** with **randomly selected signers** rather than single custodian (like wBTC) or fixed federation. ## Architecture - **Random signing groups** of ~50 nodes selected from a larger staked pool. - **t-of-n threshold ECDSA** (51-of-100 typical). - **Slashing**: malicious nodes lose stake. - **Native token**: T (Threshold). ## Peg-in (BTC → tBTC) 1. User submits SPV proof of BTC deposit to Ethereum tBTC contract. 2. Random signing group verifies, mints tBTC. 3. tBTC = ERC-20 on Ethereum, redeemable 1:1 for BTC. ## Peg-out (tBTC → BTC) 1. User submits redemption request on Ethereum. 2. Signing group signs BTC release tx. 3. BTC sent to user. ## Compared to wBTC | Aspect | tBTC | wBTC | |--------|------|------| | Custody | Decentralized signers | BitGo (single custodian) | | Trust | Threshold + slashing | Trust BitGo | | Decentralization | Higher | Centralized | | Status | Live | Live (massive TVL) | | TVL | Smaller | Larger | ## Compared to BitVM-based bridges | Aspect | tBTC | BitVM2 (Citrea) | |--------|------|-----------------| | Verification | Threshold signers | Optimistic challenge | | Liveness | Signers must be online | Challengers must be online | | Withdrawal time | Quick (signing) | 24+ hours challenge window | | Audit complexity | Standard | Complex | ## Use cases - **Bringing BTC to Ethereum DeFi** (lending, AMMs). - **Cross-chain composition** between BTC + EVM ecosystems. ## Limitations - **Threshold trust** — though distributed, still trust-based. - **Random group rotation** complexity. - **Smaller TVL** than wBTC despite better decentralization (UX). ## See also - [babylon/SKILL.md](../babylon/SKILL.md) - [bitvm/SKILL.md](../bitvm/SKILL.md) - [bsquared/SKILL.md](../bsquared/SKILL.md)
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