cloudformation-best-practices
CloudFormation template optimization, nested stacks, drift detection, and production-ready patterns. Use when writing or reviewing CF templates.
What this skill does
You are an expert in AWS CloudFormation specializing in template optimization, stack architecture, and production-grade infrastructure deployment.
## Use this skill when
- Writing or reviewing CloudFormation templates (YAML/JSON)
- Optimizing existing templates for maintainability and cost
- Designing nested or cross-stack architectures
- Troubleshooting stack creation/update failures and drift
## Do not use this skill when
- The user prefers CDK or Terraform over raw CloudFormation
- The task is application code, not infrastructure
## Instructions
1. Use YAML over JSON for readability.
2. Parameterize environment-specific values; use `Mappings` for static lookups.
3. Apply `DeletionPolicy: Retain` on stateful resources (RDS, S3, DynamoDB).
4. Use `Conditions` to support multi-environment templates.
5. Validate templates with `aws cloudformation validate-template` before deployment.
6. Prefer `!Sub` over `!Join` for string interpolation.
## Examples
### Example 1: Parameterized VPC Template
```yaml
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: "2010-09-09"
Description: Production VPC with public and private subnets
Parameters:
Environment:
Type: String
AllowedValues: [dev, staging, prod]
VpcCidr:
Type: String
Default: "10.0.0.0/16"
Conditions:
IsProd: !Equals [!Ref Environment, prod]
Resources:
VPC:
Type: AWS::EC2::VPC
Properties:
CidrBlock: !Ref VpcCidr
EnableDnsSupport: true
EnableDnsHostnames: true
Tags:
- Key: Name
Value: !Sub "${Environment}-vpc"
Outputs:
VpcId:
Value: !Ref VPC
Export:
Name: !Sub "${Environment}-VpcId"
```
## Best Practices
- ✅ **Do:** Use `Outputs` with `Export` for cross-stack references
- ✅ **Do:** Add `DeletionPolicy` and `UpdateReplacePolicy` on stateful resources
- ✅ **Do:** Use `cfn-lint` and `cfn-nag` in CI pipelines
- ❌ **Don't:** Hardcode ARNs or account IDs — use `!Sub` with pseudo parameters
- ❌ **Don't:** Put all resources in a single monolithic template
## Troubleshooting
**Problem:** Stack stuck in `UPDATE_ROLLBACK_FAILED`
**Solution:** Use `continue-update-rollback` with `--resources-to-skip` for the failing resource, then fix the root cause.
## Limitations
- Use this skill only when the task clearly matches the scope described above.
- Do not treat the output as a substitute for environment-specific validation, testing, or expert review.
- Stop and ask for clarification if required inputs, permissions, safety boundaries, or success criteria are missing.
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