dns-zonefile-config
Configurez correctement vos zones DNS pour l'email deliverability (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), la sécurité (DNSSEC, CAA), et l'automatisation (OVH API, Cloudflare, Terraform), basé sur les best practices 2024-2025. Use when: **Configurer l'authentification email** - SPF, DKIM, DMARC pour éviter le spam folder; **Sécuriser un domaine** - DNSSEC, CAA records, protection contre le spoofing; **Automatiser la gestion DNS** - OVH API, Cloudflare API, Terraform; **Débugger des problèmes DNS** - dig, nslookup...
What this skill does
# DNS Zonefile Configuration
> Configurez correctement vos zones DNS pour l'email deliverability (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), la sécurité (DNSSEC, CAA), et l'automatisation (OVH API, Cloudflare, Terraform), basé sur les best practices 2024-2025.
## When to Use This Skill
- **Configurer l'authentification email** - SPF, DKIM, DMARC pour éviter le spam folder
- **Sécuriser un domaine** - DNSSEC, CAA records, protection contre le spoofing
- **Automatiser la gestion DNS** - OVH API, Cloudflare API, Terraform
- **Débugger des problèmes DNS** - dig, nslookup, MXToolbox
- **Migrer ou configurer un nouveau domaine** - Setup complet from scratch
## Methodology Foundation
**Sources**:
- [Cisco Email Authentication Best Practices](https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/email-security-appliance/215360-best-practice-for-email-authentication.html)
- [DMARCLY Definitive Guide](https://dmarcly.com/blog/how-to-implement-dmarc-dkim-spf-to-stop-email-spoofing-phishing-the-definitive-guide)
- [Cloudflare Terraform Best Practices](https://developers.cloudflare.com/terraform/advanced-topics/best-practices/)
- [OVH Python API](https://github.com/ovh/python-ovh)
**Why This Matters**: Depuis février 2024, Google et Yahoo exigent SPF, DKIM et DMARC pour les envois bulk. Sans configuration correcte, vos emails finissent en spam. Les expéditeurs authentifiés ont **2.7x plus de chances** d'atteindre l'inbox.
## What Claude Does vs What You Decide
| Claude Does | You Decide |
|-------------|------------|
| Structures sales frameworks | Deal strategy |
| Suggests discovery questions | Relationship approach |
| Creates proposal templates | Pricing decisions |
| Identifies objection patterns | Negotiation tactics |
| Analyzes deal dynamics | Final deal terms |
## What This Skill Does
1. **Configure l'authentification email** - SPF, DKIM, DMARC avec les bonnes valeurs
2. **Sécurise le domaine** - DNSSEC, CAA, protection certificats
3. **Optimise les TTL** - Valeurs recommandées par type de record
4. **Automatise via API** - OVH, Cloudflare, Terraform
5. **Diagnostique les problèmes** - Outils et troubleshooting
## Instructions
### Step 1: Comprendre la Structure de Zone
```
## Anatomie d'un Fichier de Zone
$ORIGIN example.com. ; Le domaine de base
$TTL 3600 ; TTL par défaut (1 heure)
; SOA Record (Start of Authority)
@ IN SOA ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (
2024012801 ; Serial (YYYYMMDDNN)
7200 ; Refresh (2h)
3600 ; Retry (1h)
1209600 ; Expire (2 semaines)
3600 ; Minimum TTL (1h)
)
; Nameservers
@ IN NS ns1.example.com.
@ IN NS ns2.example.com.
; A Records
@ IN A 203.0.113.10
www IN A 203.0.113.10
mail IN A 203.0.113.20
; CNAME Records
blog IN CNAME www.example.com.
; MX Records (priorité croissante = préférence décroissante)
@ IN MX 10 mail.example.com.
@ IN MX 20 mail-backup.example.com.
; TXT Records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC, etc.)
@ IN TXT "v=spf1 ..."
```
---
### Step 2: Email Authentication - SPF
**SPF (Sender Policy Framework)** - Déclare quels serveurs peuvent envoyer des emails pour votre domaine.
```
## SPF Record Syntax
v=spf1 [mechanisms] [qualifier]all
Mechanisms:
- ip4:203.0.113.0/24 ; Autoriser une plage IP
- ip6:2001:db8::/32 ; IPv6
- a ; Autoriser l'IP du record A du domaine
- mx ; Autoriser les serveurs MX
- include:_spf.google.com ; Inclure le SPF d'un autre domaine
- exists:%{i}.spf.example.com ; Macro avancée
Qualifiers:
- +all ; PASS (dangereux, jamais utiliser)
- -all ; FAIL (hard fail)
- ~all ; SOFTFAIL (recommandé)
- ?all ; NEUTRAL
```
**Best Practices SPF:**
```
## SPF - Règles Critiques
1. UN SEUL record SPF par domaine
❌ Plusieurs records = tous invalides
2. Utiliser ~all (softfail), pas -all (hardfail)
→ Permet à DMARC d'évaluer aussi DKIM
3. Maximum 10 DNS lookups
→ include:, a, mx, ptr comptent comme lookups
→ ip4/ip6 ne comptent pas
→ Utiliser des macros SPF si limite atteinte
4. Éviter les gros blocs CIDR
→ Préférer des IPs spécifiques aux /16 ou /8
```
**Exemples SPF courants:**
```
## SPF pour Google Workspace
v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all
## SPF pour Microsoft 365
v=spf1 include:spf.protection.outlook.com ~all
## SPF pour OVH Mail
v=spf1 include:mx.ovh.com ~all
## SPF multi-services (Google + Mailchimp + Sendgrid)
v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:servers.mcsv.net include:sendgrid.net ~all
## SPF avec IP dédiée
v=spf1 ip4:203.0.113.10 include:_spf.google.com ~all
```
---
### Step 3: Email Authentication - DKIM
**DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)** - Signature cryptographique des emails.
```
## Structure DKIM
Record Name: [selector]._domainkey.example.com
Record Type: TXT
Value: v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=[public_key]
Exemple:
google._domainkey.example.com TXT "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkq..."
```
**Best Practices DKIM:**
```
## DKIM - Règles Critiques
1. Un sélecteur différent par service
→ google._domainkey pour Google Workspace
→ mailchimp._domainkey pour Mailchimp
→ sendgrid._domainkey pour Sendgrid
2. Rotation des clés tous les 6 mois
→ Réduit le risque de compromission
3. Clé RSA 2048 bits minimum
→ 1024 bits est obsolète
4. Un sélecteur par tiers
→ Permet de révoquer sans impacter la production
```
**Génération DKIM par service:**
| Service | Où trouver la clé DKIM |
|---------|------------------------|
| Google Workspace | Admin Console → Apps → Google Workspace → Gmail → Authenticate email |
| Microsoft 365 | Microsoft 365 Defender → Email → DKIM |
| Mailchimp | Settings → Domain → View Setup Instructions |
| Sendgrid | Settings → Sender Authentication → Domain Authentication |
| Brevo | Settings → Senders & IP → Domains |
---
### Step 4: Email Authentication - DMARC
**DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication)** - Politique qui dit aux serveurs quoi faire si SPF/DKIM échouent.
```
## Structure DMARC
Record Name: _dmarc.example.com
Record Type: TXT
Value: v=DMARC1; p=[policy]; [options]
Policies:
- p=none ; Monitoring only (étape 1)
- p=quarantine ; Mettre en spam si échec
- p=reject ; Rejeter si échec (étape finale)
Options courantes:
- rua=mailto:[email protected] ; Rapports agrégés (XML)
- ruf=mailto:[email protected] ; Rapports forensics (détaillés)
- pct=100 ; Pourcentage d'emails concernés
- sp=reject ; Politique pour sous-domaines
- adkim=r ; Alignement DKIM (r=relaxed, s=strict)
- aspf=r ; Alignement SPF (r=relaxed, s=strict)
```
**Progression DMARC recommandée:**
```
## Étape 1: Monitoring (2-4 semaines)
v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:[email protected]
→ Collecter les rapports, identifier tous les expéditeurs légitimes
## Étape 2: Quarantine (2-4 semaines)
v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; pct=10; rua=mailto:[email protected]
→ Tester sur 10% des emails, augmenter progressivement
## Étape 3: Quarantine 100%
v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:[email protected]
## Étape 4: Reject (objectif final)
v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:[email protected]; sp=reject
```
**Services de monitoring DMARC:**
- [DMARC Analyzer](https://www.dmarcanalyzer.com) (freemium)
- [Postmark DMARC](https://dmarc.postmarkapp.com) (gratuit)
- [EasyDMARC](https://easydmarc.com) (freemium)
---
### Step 5: Security - DNSSEC & CAA
**DNSSEC** - Signe cryptographiquement les réponses DNS pour éviter le spoofing.
```
## Activer DNSSEC
Chez OVH:
1. Manager → Domaine → Zone DNS → DNSSEC
2. Activer → OVH génère les clés automatiquement
Chez Cloudflare:
1. DNS → Settings → DNSSEC
2. Enable DNSSEC → Copier le DS record
3. Ajouter le DS record chez le registrar
Vérification:
$ dig +dnssec example.com
→ Doit montrer RRSIG records
```
**CAA Records** - Limite quelles CA peuvent émettre des certificats SSL.
```
## Structure CAA
Record Type: CAA
Flags: 0
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