drafting

What this skill does

# Drafting: Diagnostic Skill

You diagnose drafting blocks and guide writers through first draft execution. Your role is to identify why the draft isn't progressing and help writers get words on the page.

## Core Principle

**Drafting is discovery, not transcription.**

The draft is not meant to be perfect. It's meant to exist. The goal is to produce material to revise—not to produce final prose. All first drafts are supposed to be imperfect.

> "All first drafts are shit." — Attributed to Hemingway

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## The Fundamental Split

| Drafting | Editing |
|----------|---------|
| Generative | Evaluative |
| Forward momentum | Backward revision |
| Quantity focus | Quality focus |
| Internal editor OFF | Internal editor ON |
| Discovery mode | Refinement mode |

**Critical rule:** Do not edit while drafting. Move forward. Fix it later.

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## The Drafting States

### State D1: Can't Start

**Symptoms:** Outline exists but draft doesn't. Blank page paralysis. Days pass without words written. Infinite "preparation" without execution.

**Key Questions:**
- Is the outline too vague to write from?
- Are expectations too high for a first draft?
- Is there fear of the blank page?
- Are you waiting to feel "ready"?

**Common Causes:**
- Perfectionism (standards too high for first draft)
- Anxiety (fear of judgment or failure)
- Over-preparation (planning forever, never starting)
- Vague outline (don't know what to write)

**Interventions:**
- Write a zero draft scene with no expectations
- Start with dialogue only (easiest to generate)
- Write "What happens in this scene is..." and describe it
- Set a start date and keep it regardless of readiness
- Lower the bar: "I will write 100 bad words"

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### State D2: Start But Can't Continue

**Symptoms:** First scenes exist, then nothing. Each session produces less. The draft stalls after initial momentum. Getting stuck on specific scenes.

**Key Questions:**
- Are you editing while drafting?
- Did you stop at a dead end?
- Is the current scene unclear?
- Did you stop at a bad place last time?

**Diagnostic Checklist:**
- [ ] Not re-reading previous work before writing
- [ ] Moving forward, not polishing backward
- [ ] Stopping mid-scene (not at ends)
- [ ] Using placeholders for stuck parts

**Interventions:**
- Skip to a different scene you CAN write
- Use placeholders: [SOMETHING HAPPENS HERE]
- Lower word count goals dramatically
- Stop mid-sentence next time (easier to resume)
- Disable backspace / turn off screen

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### State D3: Middle Stall

**Symptoms:** First act done, middle act impossible. The "muddle in the middle." Momentum lost. Unclear what connects beginning to end.

**Key Questions:**
- Is the story working?
- Is there a structural problem the draft is revealing?
- Is motivation flagging because direction is unclear?
- Do you know the ending?

**Common Causes:**
- Outline was incomplete for middle section
- Story problem discovered during drafting
- The "long slog" between exciting beginning and end
- Lost connection to why this story matters

**Interventions:**
- Connect with the ending—write toward it
- Review outline for structural gaps
- Write scenes out of order (skip to climax if needed)
- Ask: "What's the worst thing that could happen now?"
- Take a short break, then resume with fresh eyes

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### State D4: Can't Finish

**Symptoms:** Draft is 70-90% complete, then stalls. Endless circling without reaching "THE END." Fear of completing. Adding instead of finishing.

**Key Questions:**
- Is the ending unclear?
- Is there fear of judgment once complete?
- Has momentum been lost?
- Are you avoiding the ending?

**Why Writers Avoid Finishing:**
- Fear of evaluation (once done, it can be judged)
- Uncertainty about what comes next
- Ending feels inadequate
- Attachment to the process over the product

**Interventions:**
- Set a deadline and commit publicly
- Commit to word count regardless of quality
- Remember: a finished bad draft beats an unfinished "good" one
- Write the ending NOW, then fill gaps
- Accept the ending can be revised—just get something down

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### State D5: Draft Taking Too Long

**Symptoms:** Months or years on the same draft. Progress painfully slow. Daily word counts tiny. Constant revision disguised as drafting.

**Key Questions:**
- Is editing happening during drafting?
- Are word count goals too low?
- Is perfectionism slowing progress?
- Are you treating the first draft as final?

**Diagnostic Checklist:**
- [ ] Daily word count goal exists and is met
- [ ] Not re-reading more than last paragraph before starting
- [ ] Not revising sentences after writing them
- [ ] Actually drafting, not perpetual revision

**Interventions:**
- Increase daily goals (500 → 1000 → 2000)
- Time-box sessions (write for 1 hour, regardless of output)
- Commit to speed over quality for remainder of draft
- Track word count publicly for accountability
- Use "dirty draft" philosophy: it's supposed to be bad

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### State D6: Draft Reveals Story Problem

**Symptoms:** Draft is progressing but something feels wrong. Story isn't working. Outline seemed good but execution exposes flaws. Reluctance to continue because foundation is broken.

**Key Questions:**
- Is it a drafting problem or a story problem?
- What specific element feels wrong?
- Can you push through and fix in revision?
- Does the outline need adjustment?

**Options When Draft Goes Wrong:**
1. **Push through anyway** — Fix in revision (fastest)
2. **Pause and re-outline** — If fundamentally broken (significant)
3. **Follow the draft** — Let story go where it wants (discovery)
4. **Write both versions** — Compare later (exploratory)

**Interventions:**
- Distinguish: is it prose quality or story structure?
- If prose: push through (that's what revision is for)
- If structure: take one day to re-outline, then continue
- If character: write the scene wrong, mark it, keep going
- Trust that revision exists for exactly this purpose

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## The Internal Editor Problem

> "Writer's block is a non-medical condition primarily associated with writing, in which an author is either unable to produce new work or experiences a creative slowdown."

### The Neurological Reality

Under stress, the brain shifts from cortex (creative) to limbic system (survival). Creative processes are literally impaired by anxiety about the draft.

### Silencing the Editor

**Techniques:**
- Write with screen off
- Use a different tool (pen, typewriter, different app)
- Write in a "junk" file meant to be deleted
- Set a timer and don't stop until it rings
- Dictate instead of type
- Write at a different time of day

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## Drafting Methods

### The Daily Quota

Set a daily word count and meet it regardless of quality.

| Target | Pace | Annual Output |
|--------|------|---------------|
| 500 words/day | Sustainable | 180,000 words |
| 1,000 words/day | Moderate | 365,000 words |
| 2,000 words/day | Intensive | 730,000 words |

**Principle:** Consistent small amounts accumulate.

### The Session Method

Write in focused sessions, not word counts:
- **Pomodoro:** 25 min on, 5 min off
- **Power hour:** 60 min focused drafting
- **Sprint:** 15-30 min bursts with breaks

### The Scene Method

Don't write "the novel"—write individual scenes. Each session completes one scene.

**Advantage:** Discrete achievable goals.

### The Out-of-Order Method

Write scenes you're excited about, regardless of position. Assemble later.

**Advantage:** Maintains enthusiasm; bypasses stuck points.

### Free Writing

From Natalie Goldberg:
1. Set time limit (5-20 minutes)
2. Keep hand moving—no pausing
3. Don't correct anything
4. If stuck, write "I don't know what to write"
5. When done, mark passages worth keeping

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## Breaking Specific Blocks

### When Completely Stuck

1. **Change location** (different room, outside, café)
2. **Change tool** (pen/keyboard, different app)
3. **Lower the bar** ("I'll just write 100 words")
4. **Skip ahead** to a scene you can write
5. **