java-microservices
Build microservices - Spring Cloud, service mesh, event-driven, resilience patterns
What this skill does
# Java Microservices Skill
Build production microservices with Spring Cloud and distributed system patterns.
## Overview
This skill covers microservices architecture with Spring Cloud including service discovery, API gateway, circuit breakers, event-driven communication, and distributed tracing.
## When to Use This Skill
Use when you need to:
- Design microservices architecture
- Implement service-to-service communication
- Configure resilience patterns
- Set up event-driven messaging
- Add distributed tracing
## Topics Covered
### Spring Cloud Components
- Config Server (centralized config)
- Service Discovery (Eureka, Consul)
- API Gateway (Spring Cloud Gateway)
- Load Balancing (Spring Cloud LoadBalancer)
### Resilience Patterns
- Circuit Breaker (Resilience4j)
- Retry with backoff
- Bulkhead isolation
- Rate limiting
### Event-Driven Architecture
- Apache Kafka integration
- Spring Cloud Stream
- Saga pattern
- Event sourcing basics
### Observability
- Distributed tracing (Micrometer)
- Metrics (Prometheus)
- Log correlation
## Quick Reference
```java
// Saga with Choreography
@Component
public class OrderSagaListener {
@KafkaListener(topics = "order.created")
public void handleOrderCreated(OrderCreatedEvent event) {
inventoryService.reserve(event.getItems());
}
@KafkaListener(topics = "payment.failed")
public void handlePaymentFailed(PaymentFailedEvent event) {
// Compensating transaction
inventoryService.release(event.getOrderId());
orderService.cancel(event.getOrderId());
}
}
// Circuit Breaker Configuration
@Configuration
public class ResilienceConfig {
@Bean
public Customizer<Resilience4JCircuitBreakerFactory> cbCustomizer() {
return factory -> factory.configureDefault(id ->
new Resilience4JConfigBuilder(id)
.circuitBreakerConfig(CircuitBreakerConfig.custom()
.failureRateThreshold(50)
.waitDurationInOpenState(Duration.ofSeconds(30))
.slidingWindowSize(10)
.build())
.build());
}
}
// API Gateway Routes
@Configuration
public class GatewayConfig {
@Bean
public RouteLocator routes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
return builder.routes()
.route("orders", r -> r
.path("/api/orders/**")
.filters(f -> f
.stripPrefix(1)
.circuitBreaker(c -> c.setName("order-cb"))
.retry(retry -> retry.setRetries(3)))
.uri("lb://order-service"))
.build();
}
}
```
## Observability Configuration
```yaml
management:
tracing:
sampling:
probability: 1.0
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: health,info,metrics,prometheus
logging:
pattern:
level: "%5p [${spring.application.name:},%X{traceId:-},%X{spanId:-}]"
```
## Common Patterns
### Saga Pattern
```
Order → Inventory → Payment → (Success | Compensate)
```
### Circuit Breaker States
```
CLOSED → (failures exceed threshold) → OPEN
OPEN → (wait duration) → HALF_OPEN
HALF_OPEN → (success) → CLOSED
HALF_OPEN → (failure) → OPEN
```
## Troubleshooting
### Common Issues
| Problem | Cause | Solution |
|---------|-------|----------|
| Cascade failure | No circuit breaker | Add Resilience4j |
| Message lost | No ack | Enable manual ack |
| Inconsistent data | No compensation | Implement saga |
| Service not found | Discovery delay | Tune heartbeat |
### Debug Checklist
```
□ Trace request (traceId)
□ Check circuit breaker state
□ Verify Kafka consumer lag
□ Review gateway routes
□ Monitor retry counts
```
## Usage
```
Skill("java-microservices")
```
## Related Skills
- `java-spring-boot` - Spring Cloud
- `java-docker` - Containerization
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