java-spring-development
Java Spring Boot development guidelines with best practices for building robust, secure, and maintainable enterprise applications
What this skill does
# Java Spring Development Best Practices ## Core Principles - Write clean, efficient, and well-documented Java code with accurate Spring Boot examples - Use Spring Boot 3.x with Java 17+ features (records, sealed classes, pattern matching) - Prefer constructor injection over field injection for better testability - Follow SOLID principles and RESTful API design patterns - Design for microservices architecture suitability ## Project Structure Organize code using the standard layered pattern: ``` project/ ├── controllers/ # REST controllers ├── services/ # Business logic ├── repositories/ # Data access layer ├── models/ # Domain entities and DTOs └── configurations/ # Spring configurations ``` ## Dependency Injection - Use constructor injection for required dependencies - Leverage `@RequiredArgsConstructor` with Lombok for cleaner code - Keep constructors simple and avoid logic in them - Use `@Qualifier` when multiple implementations exist ## REST API Design - Use appropriate HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH) - Return proper HTTP status codes - Implement consistent error response format - Use DTOs to control API contract - Version APIs when needed ## Data Access ### Spring Data JPA - Define proper entity relationships (@OneToMany, @ManyToOne, etc.) - Use lazy loading appropriately to avoid N+1 queries - Implement pagination for large result sets - Use query methods and @Query for custom queries ### Database Migrations - Use Flyway or Liquibase for schema migrations - Version migration scripts properly - Never modify existing migrations - Test migrations in development before production ## Security ### Spring Security - Implement authentication and authorization properly - Use BCrypt for password encoding - Configure CORS appropriately - Protect endpoints based on roles/permissions - Use HTTPS in production ### Secure Coding - Validate all user inputs - Sanitize data to prevent injection attacks - Avoid exposing sensitive information in responses - Use parameterized queries ## Testing ### Unit Testing - Use JUnit 5 for unit tests - Mock dependencies with Mockito - Test business logic thoroughly - Follow Given-When-Then pattern ### Integration Testing - Use @SpringBootTest for integration tests - Use MockMvc for web layer testing - Test database operations with test containers - Test security configurations ## Performance ### Caching - Use Spring Cache abstraction - Configure appropriate cache providers (Redis, Caffeine) - Set proper TTL for cached data - Implement cache eviction strategies ### Async Processing - Use @Async for non-blocking operations - Configure thread pools appropriately - Handle exceptions in async methods - Consider using reactive patterns for high concurrency ## Logging and Monitoring ### Logging - Use SLF4J with Logback - Log at appropriate levels - Include correlation IDs for tracing - Avoid logging sensitive data ### Monitoring - Use Spring Boot Actuator for health and metrics - Export metrics to monitoring systems - Set up proper health checks - Monitor application performance ## API Documentation - Use Springdoc OpenAPI for API documentation - Document all endpoints with descriptions - Include request/response examples - Keep documentation up to date with code
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