k8s-timezone-config

What this skill does

# Kubernetes Pod Timezone Configuration

**Standard timezone for Hypera infrastructure:** `America/Sao_Paulo`

## Problem

Kubernetes pods run in UTC by default. Logs and application timestamps show `+0000` offset instead of local Brazil time (`-0300`).

## Solution

Add the `TZ` environment variable to container specifications.

## Implementation Patterns

### 1. Helm Values (extraEnv pattern)

For Helm charts that support `extraEnv`:

```yaml
# In values.yaml
extraEnv:
  - name: TZ
    value: America/Sao_Paulo
```

### 2. Multiple Containers

When a deployment has multiple containers (e.g., API server + frontend), add `TZ` to **ALL** containers:

```yaml
apiServer:
  extraEnv:
    - name: TZ
      value: America/Sao_Paulo

frontend:
  extraEnv:
    - name: TZ
      value: America/Sao_Paulo
```

### 3. Raw Kubernetes Deployment

```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: app
          env:
            - name: TZ
              value: America/Sao_Paulo
```

### 4. StatefulSet

```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: app
          env:
            - name: TZ
              value: America/Sao_Paulo
```

## Verification

After deployment, verify timezone is set correctly:

```bash
# Check pod logs for timestamp offset
# Before: 2026-01-13T11:37:06 +0000
# After:  2026-01-13T08:37:06 -0300

# Or exec into pod
kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -n <namespace> -- date
# Should show: Mon Jan 13 08:37:06 -03 2026
```

## Common Applications Requiring Timezone

| Application | Config Location | Notes |
|-------------|-----------------|-------|
| Dependency-Track | `apiServer.extraEnv` + `frontend.extraEnv` | Both containers need TZ |
| Grafana | `env` or `extraEnvVars` | Single container |
| Loki | `extraEnv` | Affects log timestamps |
| Prometheus | `server.env` | Affects alert timestamps |
| DefectDojo | `extraEnv` | Django app |
| PostgreSQL | `primary.extraEnvVars` | Database timestamps |

## Important Notes

1. **Restart required**: Pods must restart for TZ changes to take effect
2. **All containers**: Set TZ on ALL containers in a pod, including sidecars
3. **Init containers**: Also set TZ on init containers if they log timestamps
4. **Cron jobs**: Kubernetes CronJob schedules are always UTC - TZ only affects container-level time

## Hypera GitOps Workflow

1. Edit values.yaml in `argo-cd-helm-values/kube-addons/<service>/<cluster>/values.yaml`
2. Add TZ environment variable to all containers
3. Commit and push (ArgoCD auto-syncs)
4. Verify pods restart with new timezone

## Reference

- IANA Timezone Database: `America/Sao_Paulo` = UTC-3 (no DST since 2019)
- Linux TZ variable: Uses `/usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Sao_Paulo`

---

## Gotchas

- **`TZ` env var only affects app-level timestamps**, not `kubectl logs` timestamps (those come from the container runtime, which stays UTC). The kubelet timestamps stay `+0000` even after the pod's internal clock is São Paulo.
- **CronJob `schedule:` is always UTC** regardless of pod `TZ`. A `0 8 * * *` schedule fires at 05:00 BRT, not 08:00 BRT. Use `spec.timeZone: America/Sao_Paulo` on the CronJob itself (K8s 1.27+) or compute the UTC offset manually.
- **Distroless and scratch images have no `/usr/share/zoneinfo`** — `TZ=America/Sao_Paulo` silently falls back to UTC. Either use a base image that ships tzdata or mount it via configMap/volume.
- **Init containers don't inherit `TZ` from the main container** in older charts — set it on the init container spec separately or their migration logs stay UTC.
- **Java apps need `-Duser.timezone=America/Sao_Paulo` in JAVA_OPTS** in addition to TZ — the JVM reads its own property, not the env var, on some distributions.
- **PostgreSQL `TZ` env var sets the OS clock**, not the database `timezone` setting. Server timestamps via `now()` still use the value in `postgresql.conf` — set both.