parcel-bundler
Best practices and guidelines for Parcel, the zero-configuration web application bundler
What this skill does
# Parcel Bundler
You are an expert in Parcel, the zero-configuration build tool for the web. Follow these guidelines when working with Parcel projects.
## Core Principles
- Zero configuration by default - Parcel works out of the box
- Automatic dependency detection and installation
- Built-in development server with hot module replacement
- Native performance with Rust-based compiler
- Automatic code splitting and optimization
## Project Structure
```
project/
├── src/
│ ├── index.html # HTML entry point
│ ├── index.js # JavaScript entry
│ ├── styles.css # Stylesheets
│ └── assets/ # Images, fonts, etc.
├── dist/ # Build output (auto-generated)
├── .parcelrc # Optional configuration
└── package.json
```
## Getting Started
### Basic Usage
```bash
# Development with hot reload
parcel src/index.html
# Production build
parcel build src/index.html
```
### Package.json Scripts
```json
{
"scripts": {
"dev": "parcel src/index.html",
"build": "parcel build src/index.html",
"clean": "rm -rf dist .parcel-cache"
},
"source": "src/index.html"
}
```
## Entry Points
### HTML Entry
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"></div>
<script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
```
### JavaScript Entry
```bash
parcel build src/index.js --dist-dir lib
```
### Multiple Entry Points
```bash
parcel build src/index.html src/admin.html
```
## Supported Languages and File Types
Parcel supports out of the box:
- **JavaScript/TypeScript**: `.js`, `.jsx`, `.ts`, `.tsx`, `.mjs`
- **Styles**: `.css`, `.scss`, `.sass`, `.less`, `.styl`
- **HTML**: `.html`, `.htm`
- **Images**: `.png`, `.jpg`, `.gif`, `.svg`, `.webp`
- **Fonts**: `.woff`, `.woff2`, `.ttf`, `.otf`, `.eot`
- **Data**: `.json`, `.yaml`, `.toml`, `.xml`
- **WebAssembly**: `.wasm`
## Configuration (When Needed)
### .parcelrc
```json
{
"extends": "@parcel/config-default",
"transformers": {
"*.svg": ["@parcel/transformer-svg-react"]
},
"reporters": ["...", "parcel-reporter-bundle-analyzer"]
}
```
### package.json Targets
```json
{
"targets": {
"main": {
"source": "src/index.js",
"distDir": "dist",
"context": "browser",
"outputFormat": "esm"
}
}
}
```
## TypeScript Support
### Automatic Configuration
Parcel handles TypeScript automatically. Just use `.ts` or `.tsx` files.
### tsconfig.json
```json
{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "ESNext",
"module": "ESNext",
"moduleResolution": "bundler",
"jsx": "react-jsx",
"strict": true,
"esModuleInterop": true,
"skipLibCheck": true,
"isolatedModules": true
}
}
```
## React Support
### Automatic JSX
```jsx
// Parcel handles JSX automatically
import { useState } from 'react';
function App() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
return <button onClick={() => setCount(c => c + 1)}>{count}</button>;
}
```
## CSS and Styling
### CSS Imports
```javascript
import './styles.css';
```
### CSS Modules
```javascript
import * as styles from './Button.module.css';
function Button() {
return <button className={styles.primary}>Click me</button>;
}
```
### Sass/SCSS
```javascript
import './styles.scss';
```
Parcel installs `sass` automatically when you use `.scss` files.
## Asset Handling
### Importing Assets
```javascript
import logo from './logo.png';
import data from './data.json';
// Use in JSX
<img src={logo} alt="Logo" />
```
### URL References
```javascript
const imageUrl = new URL('./image.png', import.meta.url);
```
## Code Splitting
### Dynamic Imports
```javascript
// Automatic code splitting
const LazyComponent = React.lazy(() => import('./LazyComponent'));
// Or manual
async function loadModule() {
const module = await import('./heavy-module.js');
return module.default;
}
```
### Shared Bundles
Parcel automatically creates shared bundles for code used across multiple entry points.
## Environment Variables
### .env Files
```
# .env
API_URL=https://api.example.com
```
```
# .env.production
API_URL=https://api.production.com
```
### Usage in Code
```javascript
const apiUrl = process.env.API_URL;
```
### Defining in package.json
```json
{
"targets": {
"default": {
"publicUrl": "/my-app/"
}
}
}
```
## Development Server
### Default Configuration
```bash
parcel src/index.html
# Serves at http://localhost:1234
```
### Custom Port
```bash
parcel src/index.html --port 3000
```
### HTTPS
```bash
parcel src/index.html --https
```
### Proxy API Requests
```json
{
"devServer": {
"proxy": {
"/api": {
"target": "http://localhost:8080"
}
}
}
}
```
## Production Build
### Basic Build
```bash
parcel build src/index.html
```
### Output Configuration
```bash
parcel build src/index.html --dist-dir build --public-url /app/
```
### No Source Maps
```bash
parcel build src/index.html --no-source-maps
```
## Optimization
### Automatic Optimizations
Parcel automatically:
- Minifies JavaScript, CSS, HTML, and SVG
- Compresses images
- Generates content hashes for caching
- Tree-shakes unused code
- Scope hoists modules
### Bundle Analysis
```bash
npm install -D parcel-reporter-bundle-analyzer
# Add to .parcelrc
{
"extends": "@parcel/config-default",
"reporters": ["...", "parcel-reporter-bundle-analyzer"]
}
```
## Caching
Parcel uses aggressive caching:
```bash
# Clear cache
rm -rf .parcel-cache
# Or
parcel build --no-cache
```
## Plugin Development
### Plugin Types
- **Transformers**: Transform source files
- **Resolvers**: Custom module resolution
- **Bundlers**: Custom bundling logic
- **Namers**: Custom output naming
- **Packagers**: Package bundles
- **Optimizers**: Optimize bundles
- **Reporters**: Custom build reporting
### Plugin Rules
1. **Stateless**: Avoid internal state
2. **Pure**: Same input produces same output
3. **No side effects**: Don't modify external state
## Library Development
### Package.json Configuration
```json
{
"name": "my-library",
"source": "src/index.ts",
"main": "dist/main.js",
"module": "dist/module.js",
"types": "dist/types.d.ts",
"targets": {
"main": {
"outputFormat": "commonjs"
},
"module": {
"outputFormat": "esmodule"
},
"types": {
"source": "src/index.ts"
}
}
}
```
## Best Practices
### Do
- Start with zero configuration
- Let Parcel handle asset optimization
- Use dynamic imports for code splitting
- Leverage automatic dependency installation
- Use CSS Modules for component styles
### Avoid
- Over-configuring when defaults work
- Fighting against Parcel's conventions
- Manually optimizing what Parcel handles
- Ignoring build warnings and errors
## Common Patterns
### Single Page Application
```html
<!-- index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>My App</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
<script type="module" src="./index.tsx"></script>
</body>
</html>
```
### Static Site
```bash
parcel build src/*.html
```
### Web Worker
```javascript
const worker = new Worker(new URL('./worker.js', import.meta.url), {
type: 'module'
});
```
## Troubleshooting
### Clear Cache
```bash
rm -rf .parcel-cache dist
```
### Verbose Output
```bash
parcel build --log-level verbose
```
### Debug Mode
```bash
DEBUG=parcel:* parcel build
```
## Migration from Other Bundlers
- Remove webpack.config.js or similar
- Remove loader/plugin dependencies
- Update import statements if needed
- Parcel will auto-install required dependencies
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