playwright-java

What this skill does

# Playwright Java – Advanced Test Automation

## Overview

This skill produces production-quality, enterprise-grade Playwright Java test code.
It enforces the Page Object Model (POM), strict locator strategies, thread-safe parallel
execution, and full Allure reporting integration. Targets Java 17+ and Playwright 1.44+.

Supporting reference files are available for deeper topics:

| Topic | File |
|-------|------|
| Maven POM, ConfigReader, Docker/CI setup | `references/config.md` |
| Component pattern, dropdowns, uploads, waits | `references/page-objects.md` |
| Full assertion API, soft assertions, visual testing | `references/assertions.md` |
| Fixtures, test data factory, auth state, retry | `references/fixtures.md` |
| Drop-in base class templates | `templates/BaseTest.java`, `templates/BasePage.java` |

---

## When to Use This Skill

- Use when scaffolding a new Playwright Java project from scratch
- Use when writing Page Object classes or JUnit 5 test classes
- Use when the user asks about cross-browser testing, parallel execution, or Allure reports
- Use when fixing flaky tests or replacing `Thread.sleep()` with proper waits
- Use when setting up Playwright in CI/CD pipelines (GitHub Actions, Jenkins, Docker)
- Use when combining API calls and UI assertions in a single test (hybrid testing)
- Use when the user mentions "POM pattern", "BrowserContext", "Playwright fixtures", or "traces"

---

## How It Works

### Step 1: Decide the Approach

Use this matrix to pick the right pattern before writing any code:

| User Request | Approach |
|---|---|
| New project from scratch | Full scaffold — see `references/config.md` |
| Single feature test | POM page class + JUnit5 test class |
| API + UI hybrid | `APIRequestContext` alongside `Page` |
| Cross-browser | `@MethodSource` parameterized over browser names |
| Flaky test fix | Replace `sleep` with `waitFor` / `waitForResponse` |
| CI integration | `playwright install --with-deps` in pipeline |
| Parallel execution | `junit-platform.properties` + `ThreadLocal` |
| Rich reporting | Allure + Playwright trace + video recording |

---

### Step 2: Scaffold the Project Structure

Always use this layout when creating a new project:

```
src/
├── test/
│   ├── java/com/company/tests/
│   │   ├── base/
│   │   │   ├── BaseTest.java        ← templates/BaseTest.java
│   │   │   └── BasePage.java        ← templates/BasePage.java
│   │   ├── pages/
│   │   │   └── LoginPage.java
│   │   ├── tests/
│   │   │   └── LoginTest.java
│   │   ├── utils/
│   │   │   ├── TestDataFactory.java
│   │   │   └── WaitUtils.java
│   │   └── config/
│   │       └── ConfigReader.java
│   └── resources/
│       ├── test.properties
│       ├── junit-platform.properties
│       └── testdata/users.json
pom.xml
```

---

### Step 3: Set Up Thread-Safe BaseTest

```java
public class BaseTest {
    protected static ThreadLocal<Playwright>     playwrightTL = new ThreadLocal<>();
    protected static ThreadLocal<Browser>        browserTL    = new ThreadLocal<>();
    protected static ThreadLocal<BrowserContext> contextTL    = new ThreadLocal<>();
    protected static ThreadLocal<Page>           pageTL       = new ThreadLocal<>();

    protected Page page() { return pageTL.get(); }

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        Playwright playwright = Playwright.create();
        playwrightTL.set(playwright);

        Browser browser = resolveBrowser(playwright).launch(
            new BrowserType.LaunchOptions()
                .setHeadless(ConfigReader.isHeadless()));
        browserTL.set(browser);

        BrowserContext context = browser.newContext(new Browser.NewContextOptions()
            .setViewportSize(1920, 1080)
            .setRecordVideoDir(Paths.get("target/videos/"))
            .setLocale("en-US"));
        context.tracing().start(new Tracing.StartOptions()
            .setScreenshots(true).setSnapshots(true));
        contextTL.set(context);
        pageTL.set(context.newPage());
    }

    @AfterEach
    void tearDown(TestInfo testInfo) {
        String name = testInfo.getDisplayName().replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9]", "_");
        contextTL.get().tracing().stop(new Tracing.StopOptions()
            .setPath(Paths.get("target/traces/" + name + ".zip")));
        pageTL.get().close();
        contextTL.get().close();
        browserTL.get().close();
        playwrightTL.get().close();
    }

    private BrowserType resolveBrowser(Playwright pw) {
        return switch (System.getProperty("browser", "chromium").toLowerCase()) {
            case "firefox" -> pw.firefox();
            case "webkit"  -> pw.webkit();
            default        -> pw.chromium();
        };
    }
}
```

---

### Step 4: Build Page Object Classes

```java
public class LoginPage extends BasePage {

    // Declare ALL locators as fields — never inline in action methods
    private final Locator emailInput;
    private final Locator passwordInput;
    private final Locator loginButton;
    private final Locator errorMessage;

    public LoginPage(Page page) {
        super(page);
        emailInput    = page.getByLabel("Email address");
        passwordInput = page.getByLabel("Password");
        loginButton   = page.getByRole(AriaRole.BUTTON,
                            new Page.GetByRoleOptions().setName("Sign in"));
        errorMessage  = page.getByTestId("login-error");
    }

    @Override protected String getUrl() { return "/login"; }

    // Navigation methods return the next Page Object — enables fluent chaining
    public DashboardPage loginAs(String email, String password) {
        fill(emailInput, email);
        fill(passwordInput, password);
        clickAndWaitForNav(loginButton);
        return new DashboardPage(page);
    }

    public LoginPage loginExpectingError(String email, String password) {
        fill(emailInput, email);
        fill(passwordInput, password);
        loginButton.click();
        errorMessage.waitFor();
        return this;
    }

    public String getErrorMessage() { return errorMessage.textContent(); }
}
```

---

### Step 5: Write Tests with Allure Annotations

```java
@ExtendWith(AllureJunit5.class)
class LoginTest extends BaseTest {

    private LoginPage loginPage;

    @BeforeEach
    void openLoginPage() {
        loginPage = new LoginPage(page());
        loginPage.navigate();
    }

    @Test
    @Severity(SeverityLevel.BLOCKER)
    @DisplayName("Valid credentials redirect to dashboard")
    void shouldLoginWithValidCredentials() {
        User user = TestDataFactory.getDefaultUser();
        DashboardPage dash = loginPage.loginAs(user.email(), user.password());

        assertThat(page()).hasURL(Pattern.compile(".*/dashboard"));
        assertThat(dash.getWelcomeBanner()).containsText("Welcome, " + user.firstName());
    }

    @Test
    void shouldShowErrorOnInvalidCredentials() {
        loginPage.loginExpectingError("[email protected]", "wrongpass");

        SoftAssertions softly = new SoftAssertions();
        softly.assertThat(loginPage.getErrorMessage()).contains("Invalid email or password");
        softly.assertThat(page()).hasURL(Pattern.compile(".*/login"));
        softly.assertAll();
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @MethodSource("provideInvalidCredentials")
    void shouldRejectInvalidCredentials(String email, String password, String expectedError) {
        loginPage.loginExpectingError(email, password);
        assertThat(loginPage.getErrorMessage()).containsText(expectedError);
    }

    static Stream<Arguments> provideInvalidCredentials() {
        return Stream.of(
            Arguments.of("", "password123", "Email is required"),
            Arguments.of("[email protected]", "", "Password is required"),
            Arguments.of("notanemail", "pass", "Invalid email format")
        );
    }
}
```

---

## Examples

### Example 1: API + UI Hybrid Test

```java
@Test
void shouldDisplayNewlyCreatedOrder() {
    // Arrange via API — faster than navigating through UI
    APIRequestContext api =