redis-patterns
Upstash Redis patterns for caching and rate limiting.
What this skill does
# Upstash Redis Patterns
## Setup
```typescript
// lib/redis.ts
import { Redis } from '@upstash/redis';
export const redis = new Redis({
url: process.env.UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL!,
token: process.env.UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN!,
});
```
## Basic Caching
```typescript
// Cache with TTL
async function getCachedUser(id: string): Promise<User | null> {
const cacheKey = `user:${id}`;
// Try cache first
const cached = await redis.get<User>(cacheKey);
if (cached) return cached;
// Fetch from DB
const user = await db.query.users.findFirst({
where: eq(users.id, id),
});
if (user) {
// Cache for 5 minutes
await redis.setex(cacheKey, 300, user);
}
return user;
}
```
## Cache Invalidation
```typescript
// Invalidate on update
async function updateUser(id: string, data: UpdateUserInput): Promise<User> {
const user = await db.update(users)
.set(data)
.where(eq(users.id, id))
.returning();
// Invalidate cache
await redis.del(`user:${id}`);
// Also invalidate list caches
await redis.del('users:list');
return user[0];
}
```
## Rate Limiting
```typescript
import { Ratelimit } from '@upstash/ratelimit';
const ratelimit = new Ratelimit({
redis,
limiter: Ratelimit.slidingWindow(10, '10 s'), // 10 requests per 10 seconds
analytics: true,
});
// In API route or middleware
export async function POST(request: Request) {
const ip = request.headers.get('x-forwarded-for') ?? 'anonymous';
const { success, limit, reset, remaining } = await ratelimit.limit(ip);
if (!success) {
return new Response('Too Many Requests', {
status: 429,
headers: {
'X-RateLimit-Limit': limit.toString(),
'X-RateLimit-Remaining': remaining.toString(),
'X-RateLimit-Reset': reset.toString(),
},
});
}
// Process request...
}
```
## Session Storage
```typescript
interface Session {
userId: string;
expiresAt: number;
}
async function createSession(userId: string): Promise<string> {
const sessionId = crypto.randomUUID();
const session: Session = {
userId,
expiresAt: Date.now() + 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000, // 7 days
};
await redis.setex(`session:${sessionId}`, 7 * 24 * 60 * 60, session);
return sessionId;
}
async function getSession(sessionId: string): Promise<Session | null> {
return await redis.get<Session>(`session:${sessionId}`);
}
async function deleteSession(sessionId: string): Promise<void> {
await redis.del(`session:${sessionId}`);
}
```
## Pub/Sub for Real-time
```typescript
// Publisher
async function publishEvent(channel: string, data: unknown): Promise<void> {
await redis.publish(channel, JSON.stringify(data));
}
// Usage
await publishEvent('user:updates', { userId: '123', action: 'updated' });
```
## Leaderboard
```typescript
// Add score
await redis.zadd('leaderboard', { score: 100, member: 'user:123' });
// Get top 10
const topUsers = await redis.zrevrange('leaderboard', 0, 9, { withScores: true });
// Get user rank
const rank = await redis.zrevrank('leaderboard', 'user:123');
```
## Cache Patterns
```typescript
// Cache-aside pattern
async function getData<T>(
key: string,
fetcher: () => Promise<T>,
ttl: number = 300
): Promise<T> {
const cached = await redis.get<T>(key);
if (cached) return cached;
const data = await fetcher();
await redis.setex(key, ttl, data);
return data;
}
// Usage
const user = await getData(
`user:${id}`,
() => db.query.users.findFirst({ where: eq(users.id, id) }),
300
);
```
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