security-best-practices
Security best practices for backend development, microservices, and secure coding patterns with emphasis on input validation and authentication
What this skill does
# Security Best Practices Apply these security principles when developing backend services, microservices, and any code handling sensitive data or external inputs. ## Input Validation and Sanitization - Apply input validation and sanitization rigorously, especially on inputs from external sources - Validate all user inputs at the boundary of your application - Use allowlists over denylists when validating input - Sanitize data before storing or displaying to prevent injection attacks - Implement strict type checking and schema validation ## Authentication and Authorization - Use secure defaults for JWT, cookies, and configuration settings - Implement proper token expiration and refresh mechanisms - Store secrets securely using environment variables or secret management services - Never hardcode credentials or API keys in source code - Use secure password hashing algorithms (bcrypt, Argon2) ## Permission Boundaries - Isolate sensitive operations with clear permission boundaries - Apply the principle of least privilege throughout the system - Implement role-based access control (RBAC) where appropriate - Audit and log access to sensitive resources - Use separate service accounts for different components ## Resilience and Protection - Implement retries, exponential backoff, and timeouts on all external calls - Deploy circuit breakers and rate limiting for service protection - Consider distributed rate-limiting to prevent abuse across services (e.g., using Redis) - Implement request throttling to prevent denial of service - Use connection pooling with appropriate limits ## Secure Configuration - Use HTTPS/TLS for all network communications - Configure secure HTTP headers (HSTS, CSP, X-Frame-Options) - Disable verbose error messages in production - Keep dependencies updated and scan for vulnerabilities - Use secure defaults and fail securely ## Error Handling - Implement comprehensive error handling throughout the application - Never expose stack traces or internal details to end users - Log security-relevant events with appropriate detail - Propagate context appropriately for debugging while maintaining security - Handle authentication and authorization failures gracefully ## Secrets Management - Use environment variables or dedicated secrets managers - Rotate credentials and keys regularly - Implement proper key management practices - Avoid logging sensitive information - Use encryption at rest for sensitive data storage ## SQL Injection Prevention - Use parameterized queries or prepared statements - Never concatenate user input into SQL queries - Use ORM features that automatically escape values - Validate and sanitize all database inputs - Limit database user permissions ## Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Prevention - Escape all output rendered in HTML - Use Content Security Policy headers - Sanitize user-generated content before display - Use framework-provided escaping functions - Avoid innerHTML and similar dangerous APIs ## Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Prevention - Implement CSRF tokens for state-changing operations - Verify origin and referer headers - Use SameSite cookie attribute - Require re-authentication for sensitive actions - Implement proper session management ## API Security - Implement API authentication (JWT, API keys, OAuth) - Use rate limiting to prevent abuse - Validate request content types - Implement request size limits - Log API access for auditing ## Dependency Security - Regularly audit dependencies for vulnerabilities - Use lockfiles to ensure consistent versions - Remove unused dependencies - Monitor security advisories for your stack - Implement automated vulnerability scanning in CI/CD
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