serverless
Serverless computing patterns. AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, GCP Cloud Functions. Deployment frameworks: Serverless Framework, AWS SAM, SST. Cold starts, event sources, and production optimization. USE WHEN: user mentions "serverless", "Lambda", "cloud function", "Azure Functions", "SAM", "SST", "Serverless Framework", "cold start", "FaaS" DO NOT USE FOR: container orchestration - use `kubernetes` or `docker`; always-on servers - use backend framework skills
What this skill does
# Serverless Computing
## AWS Lambda (Node.js)
```typescript
import { APIGatewayProxyHandlerV2 } from 'aws-lambda';
export const handler: APIGatewayProxyHandlerV2 = async (event) => {
const body = JSON.parse(event.body || '{}');
// Initialize clients OUTSIDE handler (reused across warm invocations)
const result = await processRequest(body);
return {
statusCode: 200,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
body: JSON.stringify(result),
};
};
// DB connections, SDK clients — init outside handler
import { DynamoDBDocumentClient } from '@aws-sdk/lib-dynamodb';
const ddb = DynamoDBDocumentClient.from(new DynamoDBClient({}));
```
### Common Event Sources
```typescript
// SQS handler
import { SQSHandler } from 'aws-lambda';
export const sqsHandler: SQSHandler = async (event) => {
for (const record of event.Records) {
const body = JSON.parse(record.body);
await processMessage(body);
}
// Failed messages: use partial batch response
};
// Scheduled (cron)
import { ScheduledHandler } from 'aws-lambda';
export const cronHandler: ScheduledHandler = async () => {
await dailyCleanup();
};
```
## SST (recommended framework for AWS)
```typescript
// sst.config.ts
export default $config({
app(input) { return { name: 'my-app', home: 'aws' }; },
async run() {
const api = new sst.aws.ApiGatewayV2('Api');
api.route('POST /orders', 'src/functions/orders.handler');
const table = new sst.aws.Dynamo('Orders', {
fields: { pk: 'string', sk: 'string' },
primaryIndex: { hashKey: 'pk', rangeKey: 'sk' },
});
// Link resources (auto-grants IAM permissions)
api.route('GET /orders/{id}', {
handler: 'src/functions/get-order.handler',
link: [table],
});
},
});
```
## Serverless Framework
```yaml
# serverless.yml
service: my-service
provider:
name: aws
runtime: nodejs20.x
environment:
TABLE_NAME: !Ref OrdersTable
functions:
createOrder:
handler: src/handlers/orders.create
events:
- httpApi: 'POST /orders'
processQueue:
handler: src/handlers/queue.process
events:
- sqs:
arn: !GetAtt OrderQueue.Arn
batchSize: 10
resources:
Resources:
OrdersTable:
Type: AWS::DynamoDB::Table
Properties:
TableName: ${self:service}-orders
BillingMode: PAY_PER_REQUEST
AttributeDefinitions:
- { AttributeName: pk, AttributeType: S }
KeySchema:
- { AttributeName: pk, KeyType: HASH }
```
## Cold Start Optimization
| Technique | Impact |
|-----------|--------|
| Minimize bundle size (tree-shake, no large SDKs) | High |
| Initialize clients outside handler | High |
| Use ARM64 (`arm64` architecture) | Medium |
| Provisioned concurrency for critical paths | High (costs more) |
| Avoid VPC unless required | Medium |
```typescript
// Bundle optimization: import only what you need
import { DynamoDBClient } from '@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb'; // Not all of aws-sdk
```
## Anti-Patterns
| Anti-Pattern | Fix |
|--------------|-----|
| Init DB/SDK inside handler | Move to module scope (reused across warm calls) |
| Monolithic function (does everything) | One function per concern |
| No timeout configuration | Set function timeout (default 3s is often too low) |
| Large deployment package | Tree-shake, exclude dev deps, use layers |
| Synchronous chaining (Lambda → Lambda) | Use SQS/SNS/Step Functions |
| No dead letter queue | Configure DLQ for async invocations |
## Production Checklist
- [ ] Timeout configured per function
- [ ] Dead letter queue for async events
- [ ] CloudWatch alarms on errors and throttles
- [ ] Structured logging (JSON format)
- [ ] X-Ray tracing enabled
- [ ] Minimum IAM permissions per function
- [ ] Environment variables for config (not hardcoded)
- [ ] Provisioned concurrency for latency-critical functions
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