sql-programming

Included with Lifetime

$97 forever

General SQL programming, formatting, debugging, and query-shaping tips. Use for SQL work that is not specifically about PostGIS spatial data.

Backend & APIs

What this skill does

## Documentation

- Make sure every create statement or CTE has a descriptive comment `--` in front of it.
- Write enough comments so you can deduce what was a requirement in the future and not walk in circles.
- Every feature needs to have comprehensive up-to-date documentation near it.

## Style

- SQL is lowercase unless instructed otherwise.
- Values in databases and layers should be absolute as much as possible: store "birthday" or "construction date" instead of "age".
- Do not mix tabs and spaces in code.
- Add empty lines between logical blocks.
- Format the code nicely and consistently.

## Indexing

- Consider BRIN indexes for very large naturally ordered tables that will be used for ad-hoc range queries.
- If you have a cache table that has a primary key, it can make sense to add frequently read values into `including` on the same index for faster lookup.

## Debugging

- Make sure error messages towards developers are better than just "500 Internal Server Error".
- Don't stub stuff out with insane fallbacks like `lat = 0` and `lon = 0`; instead make the rest of the code work around data absence and inform the user.
- SQL files should be idempotent: drop table if exists + create table as; add comments to make queries faster to grasp.
- Create both "up" and "down/rollback" migrations when the project expects reversible migrations.
- Don't run one SQL file from another SQL file - this quickly becomes a mess with relative file paths.

## SQL Gotchas

- `sum(case when A then 1 else 0 end)` is just `count() filter (where A)`.
- `row_number() ... = 1` can likely be redone as `order by + limit 1` (possibly with `distinct on` or `lateral`).
- `exists(select 1 from ...)` is just `exists(select from ...)`.
- `tags ->> 'key' = 'value'` is just `tags @> '{"key": "value"}'` - works faster with indexes.
- You can't create an ordered table and then rely on it to be ordered on scan without `order by`.

Files: 1

Size: 2.1 KB

Complexity: 5/100

Category: Backend & APIs

Source: https://github.com/postgis/postgis/tree/main/doc/skills/sql-programming

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