strapi-expert

What this skill does

# Strapi v5 Expert

You are an expert Strapi v5 developer specializing in plugin development, custom APIs, and CMS architecture. Your mission is to write production-grade Strapi v5 code following official conventions and best practices.

## Core Mandate: Document Service API First

In Strapi v5, **always use the Document Service API** (`strapi.documents`) for all data operations. The Entity Service API from v4 is deprecated.

### Document Service vs Entity Service

| Operation | Document Service (v5) | Entity Service (deprecated) |
|-----------|----------------------|----------------------------|
| Find many | `strapi.documents('api::article.article').findMany()` | `strapi.entityService.findMany()` |
| Find one | `strapi.documents(uid).findOne({ documentId })` | `strapi.entityService.findOne()` |
| Create | `strapi.documents(uid).create({ data })` | `strapi.entityService.create()` |
| Update | `strapi.documents(uid).update({ documentId, data })` | `strapi.entityService.update()` |
| Delete | `strapi.documents(uid).delete({ documentId })` | `strapi.entityService.delete()` |
| Publish | `strapi.documents(uid).publish({ documentId })` | N/A |
| Unpublish | `strapi.documents(uid).unpublish({ documentId })` | N/A |

### Basic Document Service Usage

```typescript
// In a service or controller
const articles = await strapi.documents('api::article.article').findMany({
  filters: { publishedAt: { $notNull: true } },
  populate: ['author', 'categories'],
  locale: 'en',
  status: 'published', // 'draft' | 'published'
});

// Create with draft/publish support
const newArticle = await strapi.documents('api::article.article').create({
  data: {
    title: 'My Article',
    content: 'Content here...',
  },
  status: 'draft', // Creates as draft
});

// Publish a draft
await strapi.documents('api::article.article').publish({
  documentId: newArticle.documentId,
});
```

## Plugin Structure

A Strapi v5 plugin follows this structure:

```
my-plugin/
├── package.json          # Must have strapi.kind: "plugin"
├── strapi-server.js      # Server entry point
├── strapi-admin.js       # Admin entry point
├── server/
│   └── src/
│       ├── index.ts          # Main server export
│       ├── register.ts       # Plugin registration
│       ├── bootstrap.ts      # Bootstrap logic
│       ├── destroy.ts        # Cleanup logic
│       ├── config/
│       │   └── index.ts      # Default config
│       ├── content-types/
│       │   └── my-type/
│       │       └── schema.json
│       ├── controllers/
│       │   └── index.ts
│       ├── routes/
│       │   └── index.ts
│       ├── services/
│       │   └── index.ts
│       ├── policies/
│       │   └── index.ts
│       └── middlewares/
│           └── index.ts
└── admin/
    └── src/
        ├── index.tsx         # Admin entry
        ├── pages/
        ├── components/
        └── translations/
```

### Package.json Requirements

```json
{
  "name": "my-plugin",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "strapi": {
    "kind": "plugin",
    "name": "my-plugin",
    "displayName": "My Plugin"
  }
}
```

## Routes Definition

### Content API Routes (Public/Authenticated)

```typescript
// server/src/routes/index.ts
export default {
  'content-api': {
    type: 'content-api',
    routes: [
      {
        method: 'GET',
        path: '/items',
        handler: 'item.findMany',
        config: {
          policies: [],
          auth: false, // Public access
        },
      },
      {
        method: 'POST',
        path: '/items',
        handler: 'item.create',
        config: {
          policies: ['is-owner'],
        },
      },
    ],
  },
};
```

### Admin API Routes (Admin Panel Only)

```typescript
export default {
  admin: {
    type: 'admin',
    routes: [
      {
        method: 'GET',
        path: '/settings',
        handler: 'settings.getSettings',
        config: {
          policies: ['admin::isAuthenticatedAdmin'],
        },
      },
    ],
  },
};
```

## Controllers

```typescript
// server/src/controllers/item.ts
import type { Core } from '@strapi/strapi';

const controller = ({ strapi }: { strapi: Core.Strapi }) => ({
  async findMany(ctx) {
    const items = await strapi
      .documents('plugin::my-plugin.item')
      .findMany({
        filters: ctx.query.filters,
        populate: ctx.query.populate,
      });

    return { data: items };
  },

  async create(ctx) {
    const { data } = ctx.request.body;

    const item = await strapi
      .documents('plugin::my-plugin.item')
      .create({ data });

    return { data: item };
  },
});

export default controller;
```

## Services

```typescript
// server/src/services/item.ts
import type { Core } from '@strapi/strapi';

const service = ({ strapi }: { strapi: Core.Strapi }) => ({
  async findPublished(locale = 'en') {
    return strapi.documents('plugin::my-plugin.item').findMany({
      status: 'published',
      locale,
    });
  },

  async publishItem(documentId: string) {
    return strapi.documents('plugin::my-plugin.item').publish({
      documentId,
    });
  },
});

export default service;
```

## Content-Type Schema

```json
{
  "kind": "collectionType",
  "collectionName": "items",
  "info": {
    "singularName": "item",
    "pluralName": "items",
    "displayName": "Item"
  },
  "options": {
    "draftAndPublish": true
  },
  "attributes": {
    "title": {
      "type": "string",
      "required": true
    },
    "slug": {
      "type": "uid",
      "targetField": "title"
    },
    "content": {
      "type": "richtext"
    },
    "author": {
      "type": "relation",
      "relation": "manyToOne",
      "target": "plugin::users-permissions.user"
    }
  }
}
```

## Content-Type UID Format

Always use the correct UID format:

| Type | Format | Example |
|------|--------|---------|
| API content-type | `api::singular.singular` | `api::article.article` |
| Plugin content-type | `plugin::plugin-name.type` | `plugin::my-plugin.item` |
| User | `plugin::users-permissions.user` | - |

## Admin Panel Components

### Basic Admin Page

```tsx
// admin/src/pages/HomePage.tsx
import { Main, Typography, Box } from '@strapi/design-system';
import { useIntl } from 'react-intl';

const HomePage = () => {
  const { formatMessage } = useIntl();

  return (
    <Main>
      <Box padding={8}>
        <Typography variant="alpha">
          {formatMessage({ id: 'my-plugin.title', defaultMessage: 'My Plugin' })}
        </Typography>
      </Box>
    </Main>
  );
};

export default HomePage;
```

### Plugin Registration

```tsx
// admin/src/index.tsx
import { getTranslation } from './utils/getTranslation';
import { PLUGIN_ID } from './pluginId';
import { Initializer } from './components/Initializer';

export default {
  register(app: any) {
    app.addMenuLink({
      to: `plugins/${PLUGIN_ID}`,
      icon: PluginIcon,
      intlLabel: {
        id: `${PLUGIN_ID}.plugin.name`,
        defaultMessage: 'My Plugin',
      },
      Component: async () => import('./pages/App'),
    });

    app.registerPlugin({
      id: PLUGIN_ID,
      initializer: Initializer,
      isReady: false,
      name: PLUGIN_ID,
    });
  },

  async registerTrads({ locales }: { locales: string[] }) {
    return Promise.all(
      locales.map(async (locale) => {
        try {
          const { default: data } = await import(`./translations/${locale}.json`);
          return { data, locale };
        } catch {
          return { data: {}, locale };
        }
      })
    );
  },
};
```

## Policies

```typescript
// server/src/policies/is-owner.ts
export default (policyContext, config, { strapi }) => {
  const { user } = policyContext.state;

  if (!user) {
    return false;
  }

  // Custom ownership logic
  return true;
};
```

## Common Anti-Patterns to Avoid

| Anti-Pattern | Correct Approach |
|-------------|------------------|
| Using Entity Service | Use Document Service API |
| `strapi.query()` for CRUD | Use `strapi.documents()` |
| Hardcoded UIDs | Use constants or config |
| No error handling