twilio-sendgrid-suppressions
Manage SendGrid email suppressions: bounces, blocks, spam reports, invalid emails, global unsubscribes, and ASM suppression groups. Covers when and how to remove suppressions, reputation impact, and category-based unsubscribe management. Use when debugging SendGrid delivery issues or building unsubscribe flows. Requires a SendGrid API key (SG.-prefix) — not applicable to the Twilio Email API (comms.twilio.com).
What this skill does
## Overview
Suppressions prevent SendGrid from sending to addresses that have bounced, reported spam, or unsubscribed. They protect your sender reputation but can also block legitimate re-sends if not managed correctly.
---
## Suppression Types
| Type | Endpoint | What triggers it | Auto-added? |
|------|----------|-----------------|-------------|
| **Hard Bounces** | `/v3/suppression/bounces` | Permanent delivery failure (invalid mailbox, domain doesn't exist) | Yes |
| **Soft Bounces** | No management API — automatic retry only | Temporary failure (mailbox full, server down) — SendGrid auto-retries before suppressing | Yes, after repeated failures |
| **Blocks** | `/v3/suppression/blocks` | Temporary rejection by receiving server (reputation, policy, content) | Yes |
| **Spam Reports** | `/v3/suppression/spam_reports` | Recipient marks email as spam | Yes |
| **Invalid Emails** | `/v3/suppression/invalid_emails` | Malformed email address | Yes |
| **Global Unsubscribes** | `/v3/suppression/unsubscribes` | Recipient unsubscribes from all email | Yes |
| **Group Unsubscribes (ASM)** | `/v3/asm/groups/{id}/suppressions` | Recipient unsubscribes from a category | Yes |
**Hard vs Soft bounces:** Hard bounces (permanent) immediately suppress the address. Soft bounces (temporary) trigger retries — SendGrid will retry delivery before eventually suppressing if the issue persists.
---
## Managing Suppressions
**List bounces (Python)**
```python
import os, requests
headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {os.environ['SENDGRID_API_KEY']}"}
response = requests.get("https://api.sendgrid.com/v3/suppression/bounces", headers=headers)
for bounce in response.json():
print(f"{bounce['email']}: {bounce.get('reason', 'unknown')}")
```
**Remove a bounce (Python)**
```python
requests.delete(f"https://api.sendgrid.com/v3/suppression/bounces/{email}", headers=headers)
```
> **Caution:** Deleting suppression records (especially spam reports) allows re-sending to addresses that previously complained. Always confirm with the user before removal and document the business reason.
---
## ASM Suppression Groups
Use suppression groups for category-based unsubscribes (e.g., "Marketing", "Transactional", "Product Updates"). Recipients can unsubscribe from one category without being suppressed from all email.
**Create a group:**
```python
requests.post("https://api.sendgrid.com/v3/asm/groups",
headers={**headers, "Content-Type": "application/json"},
json={"name": "Marketing Emails", "description": "Promotional offers and updates"})
```
**Send with a suppression group:**
Include `asm.group_id` in your Mail Send request. Recipients see a "manage preferences" link instead of a global unsubscribe.
---
## Auto-Purge (Bounce & Block Cleanup)
Configure automatic purge schedules in Console > Settings > Mail Settings > Purge Bounces & Blocks:
- **Soft Bounces:** Auto-purge after N days (1–3,650 days)
- **Hard Bounces:** Auto-purge after N days (1–3,650 days)
**Caution:** Enabling auto-purge without a business reason allows re-sending to previously bounced addresses, which damages sender reputation. Do not use as a workaround to force delivery.
---
## Address Allow List
Console > Settings > Mail Settings > Address Allow List allows specific email addresses or domains to bypass all suppressions. Useful for internal testing addresses.
**Use with extreme caution** — never allowlist domains you don't control (e.g., `gmail.com`), and never use to bypass spam report suppressions.
---
## CANNOT
- **Suppressions are global by default** — A bounce or spam report on ANY email suppresses the address from ALL future sends. Use ASM groups to scope unsubscribes.
- **Removing a suppression does not fix the underlying issue** — Deleting a bounce record lets you retry, but the mailbox is likely still invalid. Re-sending to hard bounces damages sender reputation.
- **Cannot prevent spam report suppressions** — When a recipient marks you as spam, the suppression is automatic and cannot be overridden.
- **Cannot bulk-remove suppressions by domain** — Must remove individually by email address via API.
---
## Next Steps
- **Send email:** `twilio-sendgrid-email-send`
- **Delivery tracking:** `twilio-sendgrid-webhooks`
- **Account setup:** `twilio-sendgrid-account-setup`
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