unity-input-ui
Unity new Input System and UI — InputAction, InputActionAsset, PlayerInput, rebinding, multi-device, plus UI Toolkit (UXML/USS, runtime + editor) and uGUI Canvas optimization. USE WHEN: wiring input bindings, supporting gamepads/keyboard/touch, building menus/HUD with UI Toolkit or uGUI, optimizing Canvas batches, runtime rebinding, on-screen control overlays. DO NOT USE FOR: legacy `Input.GetKey` API (deprecated — migrate to new Input System); 3D world-space UI specifics (use `unity-rendering`).
What this skill does
# Unity Input System & UI
## New Input System — basics
```csharp
public class PlayerInput : MonoBehaviour {
[SerializeField] private InputActionAsset inputActions;
private InputAction _move, _jump, _attack;
private void OnEnable() {
var gameplay = inputActions.FindActionMap("Gameplay", true);
gameplay.Enable();
_move = gameplay.FindAction("Move", true);
_jump = gameplay.FindAction("Jump", true);
_attack = gameplay.FindAction("Attack", true);
_jump.performed += OnJump;
_attack.performed += OnAttack;
}
private void OnDisable() {
_jump.performed -= OnJump;
_attack.performed -= OnAttack;
}
private void Update() {
Vector2 dir = _move.ReadValue<Vector2>();
// movement using dir
}
private void OnJump(InputAction.CallbackContext ctx) => /* jump */;
private void OnAttack(InputAction.CallbackContext ctx) => /* attack */;
}
```
`PlayerInput` component variant: use when designer wants a UI to wire callbacks; manual binding (above) is better for systems code.
## Action types
- **Button** — pressed/released; works for any binding kind.
- **Value** — continuous (e.g. stick).
- **PassThrough** — unfiltered, for raw streams (gestures).
## Composite bindings (WASD + arrows + stick)
In InputActionAsset: action `Move` (Value/Vector2), 2D Vector composite with W/A/S/D + arrows; second binding from `<Gamepad>/leftStick`.
## Runtime rebinding
```csharp
var rebind = action.PerformInteractiveRebindingOperation()
.WithControlsExcluding("<Mouse>/position")
.WithCancelingThrough("<Keyboard>/escape")
.OnComplete(op => {
op.Dispose();
SaveBindings(inputActions);
})
.Start();
```
Save with `inputActions.SaveBindingOverridesAsJson()` → PlayerPrefs/file. Load on startup with `LoadBindingOverridesFromJson(json)`.
## On-screen controls
Use the Input System's `On-Screen Button`/`On-Screen Stick` components on UI elements; they emit input through the same action — no separate touch path.
## UI Toolkit (UXML/USS)
```xml
<!-- HUD.uxml -->
<ui:UXML xmlns:ui="UnityEngine.UIElements">
<ui:VisualElement class="hud-root">
<ui:Label name="health" class="hud-label" text="HP: 100" />
<ui:ProgressBar name="hpBar" low-value="0" high-value="100" value="100" />
</ui:VisualElement>
</ui:UXML>
```
```css
/* HUD.uss */
.hud-root { position: absolute; top: 16px; left: 16px; }
.hud-label { color: white; font-size: 18px; -unity-font-style: bold; }
```
```csharp
public class HUD : MonoBehaviour {
[SerializeField] private UIDocument doc;
private Label _health;
private ProgressBar _hpBar;
private void OnEnable() {
var root = doc.rootVisualElement;
_health = root.Q<Label>("health");
_hpBar = root.Q<ProgressBar>("hpBar");
}
public void SetHealth(int hp) {
_health.text = $"HP: {hp}";
_hpBar.value = hp;
}
}
```
UI Toolkit is the default for new in-game UI in Unity 6 — better batching, retained-mode tree, USS hot reload.
## uGUI optimization (when you must use uGUI)
| Issue | Fix |
|---|---|
| Whole canvas redraws on any change | Split canvas: static elements on one, dynamic on another |
| Many `Image` with different sprites | Sprite Atlas v2 → identical material → batched |
| Per-frame `text.text = …` | Only assign when value actually changes |
| `LayoutGroup` rebuilds | Cache results; prefer fixed sizes when possible |
## Anti-patterns
| Anti-pattern | Fix |
|---|---|
| `Input.GetKey` legacy API | Use new Input System actions |
| Polling `_jump.WasPressedThisFrame()` everywhere | Subscribe to `.performed` events once |
| One huge canvas with HUD + menus | Multiple canvases; only the one being interacted redraws |
| `GameObject.Find("HpBar")` | `[SerializeField]` reference or `UIDocument.rootVisualElement.Q` |
## Production checklist
- [ ] InputActionAsset committed; bindings cover keyboard + gamepad + touch
- [ ] Rebinding UI persists overrides
- [ ] UI Toolkit used for new UI; uGUI only for legacy reasons
- [ ] All sprites in Sprite Atlases
- [ ] Canvas split static vs dynamic
- [ ] EventSystem present and configured for chosen UI module
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