uvicorn
Deploy Python ASGI apps with Uvicorn. Use when a user asks to run FastAPI in production, configure an ASGI server, set up Gunicorn with Uvicorn workers, or optimize Python web server performance.
What this skill does
# Uvicorn
## Overview
Uvicorn is a lightning-fast ASGI server for Python. It's the recommended way to run FastAPI, Starlette, and Django ASGI in production. For multi-core utilization, pair it with Gunicorn as a process manager.
## Instructions
### Step 1: Development
```bash
pip install uvicorn[standard]
# Run with auto-reload
uvicorn app.main:app --reload --port 8000
```
### Step 2: Production with Gunicorn
```bash
pip install gunicorn
# Gunicorn manages multiple Uvicorn worker processes
gunicorn app.main:app \
--workers 4 \ # CPU cores × 2 + 1
--worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker \
--bind 0.0.0.0:8000 \
--timeout 120 \
--graceful-timeout 30 \
--access-logfile - \
--error-logfile -
```
### Step 3: Docker Production
```dockerfile
FROM python:3.12-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
# Non-root user
RUN adduser --system --uid 1001 app
USER app
# Production command
CMD ["gunicorn", "app.main:app", \
"--workers", "4", \
"--worker-class", "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker", \
"--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", \
"--timeout", "120"]
```
### Step 4: Programmatic Configuration
```python
# run.py — Uvicorn with programmatic config
import uvicorn
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run(
"app.main:app",
host="0.0.0.0",
port=8000,
workers=4,
log_level="info",
access_log=True,
proxy_headers=True, # trust X-Forwarded-* from reverse proxy
forwarded_allow_ips="*",
)
```
## Guidelines
- Development: `uvicorn --reload` (single process, auto-reload on file changes).
- Production: `gunicorn` with `UvicornWorker` class (multi-process, no reload).
- Workers formula: `(2 × CPU cores) + 1` — e.g., 4 cores → 9 workers.
- Always use behind a reverse proxy (nginx, Caddy) for TLS termination and static files.
- Set `proxy_headers=True` when behind a load balancer to get real client IPs.
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