wms-testing-patterns

What this skill does

# WMS Testing Patterns

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When testing Warehouse Management Systems:
1. VALIDATE inventory accuracy (receipt, putaway, cycle count, adjustments)
2. TEST pick/pack/ship workflows end-to-end (wave release -> shipment confirm)
3. VERIFY EDI message processing (856 ASN, 940 Order, 945 Confirmation, 943/944 Stock)
4. ASSERT RF/barcode scanning flows (scan -> validate -> update -> confirm)
5. EXERCISE allocation and replenishment logic (FIFO, FEFO, lot control)
6. TEST WMS-ERP integration (inventory sync, order status, goods receipt)
7. VALIDATE wave management (wave planning, release, short-pick handling)

**Quick Pattern Selection:**
- Inventory discrepancies -> Cycle count and adjustment tests
- Order fulfillment issues -> Pick/pack/ship workflow tests
- EDI failures -> Message format and acknowledgment tests
- Scanning problems -> RF device simulation tests
- Allocation errors -> Lot control and FIFO/FEFO tests
- Integration gaps -> WMS-ERP sync boundary tests

**Critical Success Factors:**
- WMS accuracy directly impacts customer experience and financial reporting
- Always test both normal and exception flows (short picks, damaged goods, returns)
- EDI testing must cover both syntax validation AND business rule validation
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## Quick Reference Card

### When to Use
- Testing WMS platforms (Blue Yonder/JDA, Manhattan Associates, SAP EWM, Oracle WMS)
- Validating inventory transaction accuracy (receipts, picks, adjustments)
- Testing EDI document exchange (X12 856/940/945/943/944, EDIFACT DESADV/ORDERS)
- Verifying RF/mobile scanning workflows
- Testing wave management and allocation logic
- Validating WMS-to-ERP integration (SAP MM/WM, Oracle)

### Testing Levels
| Level | Purpose | Dependencies | Speed |
|-------|---------|--------------|-------|
| Unit Logic | Allocation/replenishment rules | None | Fast |
| API Contract | WMS REST/SOAP endpoint contracts | API stubs | Fast |
| EDI Validation | Document syntax + business rules | EDI parser | Medium |
| Integration | WMS-ERP inventory sync | Full stack | Slower |
| E2E Workflow | Complete order fulfillment cycle | WMS + ERP + TMS | Slow |

### Critical Test Scenarios
| Scenario | Must Test | Example |
|----------|----------|---------|
| Receiving | Inbound accuracy | PO receipt with over/under delivery tolerance |
| Putaway | Location assignment | Directed putaway by product attributes |
| Picking | Wave/batch pick | Multi-order wave with priority allocation |
| Packing | Pack verification | Cartonization and weight/dim validation |
| Shipping | Carrier assignment | Rate shopping and label generation |
| Cycle Count | Inventory accuracy | Blind count vs. guided count reconciliation |
| Returns | Reverse logistics | RMA receipt, inspection, disposition |
| EDI 856 | ASN generation | Ship-confirm triggers correct ASN to customer |
| EDI 940 | Warehouse order | Inbound order creates correct work orders |
| Short Pick | Exception handling | Partial allocation with backorder creation |

### Tools
- **WMS Platforms**: Blue Yonder WMS, Manhattan WMOS, SAP EWM, Oracle WMS Cloud
- **EDI Testing**: Bots EDI, SPS Commerce Test, Cleo Clarify
- **RF Simulation**: Custom RF emulators, Zebra SDK test harnesses
- **Integration**: SAP PI/PO, MuleSoft, Dell Boomi
- **Monitoring**: Splunk, WMS dashboards, EDI tracking portals

### Agent Coordination
- `qe-middleware-validator`: WMS-ERP integration flows and message transformation validation
- `qe-contract-validator`: EDI document contracts and WMS API contracts
- `qe-sap-idoc-tester`: WMS-SAP IDoc validation (WMMBID01, SHPCON)
- `qe-odata-contract-tester`: SAP EWM OData service testing

---

## Inventory Transaction Testing

### Receipt and Putaway
```javascript
describe('Inbound Receipt - PO with Lot Control', () => {
  it('receives goods against PO with lot tracking', async () => {
    const receipt = await wms.receive({
      po: 'PO-4500001234',
      item: 'MAT-100',
      quantity: 100,
      lot: 'LOT-2026-001',
      expiryDate: '2027-06-30',
      uom: 'EA'
    });

    expect(receipt.status).toBe('RECEIVED');
    expect(receipt.quantityReceived).toBe(100);
    expect(receipt.lot).toBe('LOT-2026-001');

    // Verify putaway task was created
    const putawayTask = await wms.getTask(receipt.putawayTaskId);
    expect(putawayTask.type).toBe('DIRECTED_PUTAWAY');
    expect(putawayTask.suggestedLocation).toMatch(/^BIN-/);
  });

  it('rejects over-receipt beyond tolerance', async () => {
    // PO line is for 100 EA, tolerance is 10%
    const result = await wms.receive({
      po: 'PO-4500001234',
      item: 'MAT-100',
      quantity: 115, // 15% over, exceeds 10% tolerance
      lot: 'LOT-2026-002'
    });

    expect(result.status).toBe('REJECTED');
    expect(result.reason).toContain('Over-receipt tolerance exceeded');
    expect(result.maxAllowed).toBe(110);
  });

  it('accepts under-receipt and creates remaining open quantity', async () => {
    const result = await wms.receive({
      po: 'PO-4500001234',
      item: 'MAT-100',
      quantity: 80,
      lot: 'LOT-2026-003'
    });

    expect(result.status).toBe('PARTIAL_RECEIPT');
    expect(result.quantityReceived).toBe(80);
    expect(result.remainingOpen).toBe(20);
  });
});

describe('Directed Putaway', () => {
  it('assigns location based on product attributes', async () => {
    // Hazmat product should go to hazmat zone
    const putaway = await wms.executePutaway({
      item: 'MAT-HAZ-001',
      attributes: { hazmat: true, temperature: 'ambient' },
      quantity: 50,
      lot: 'LOT-HAZ-001'
    });

    expect(putaway.location).toMatch(/^HAZ-/); // Hazmat zone prefix
    expect(putaway.status).toBe('PUTAWAY_COMPLETE');
  });

  it('falls back to overflow when primary zone is full', async () => {
    // Fill the primary zone first
    await wms.fillZone('ZONE-A', 100); // 100% capacity

    const putaway = await wms.executePutaway({
      item: 'MAT-200',
      quantity: 10,
      preferredZone: 'ZONE-A'
    });

    expect(putaway.location).toMatch(/^OVF-/); // Overflow zone
    expect(putaway.overflowReason).toBe('PRIMARY_ZONE_FULL');
  });
});
```

### Cycle Count and Adjustments
```javascript
describe('Cycle Count - Blind Count', () => {
  it('auto-approves variance within threshold', async () => {
    // System shows 100 EA, physical count is 98
    const count = await wms.submitCycleCount({
      location: 'BIN-A-01-01',
      item: 'MAT-100',
      countedQuantity: 98,
      countType: 'BLIND', // Counter does not see system quantity
      varianceThreshold: 5 // percent
    });

    expect(count.systemQuantity).toBe(100);
    expect(count.variance).toBe(-2);
    expect(count.variancePercent).toBeCloseTo(2.0);
    expect(count.autoApproved).toBe(true);
    expect(count.adjustmentPosted).toBe(true);
  });

  it('requires supervisor approval when variance exceeds threshold', async () => {
    const count = await wms.submitCycleCount({
      location: 'BIN-A-01-02',
      item: 'MAT-200',
      countedQuantity: 80,
      countType: 'BLIND',
      varianceThreshold: 5 // 20% variance exceeds 5% threshold
    });

    expect(count.variancePercent).toBeCloseTo(20.0);
    expect(count.autoApproved).toBe(false);
    expect(count.adjustmentPosted).toBe(false);
    expect(count.status).toBe('PENDING_SUPERVISOR_APPROVAL');
  });

  it('triggers recount when variance is critical', async () => {
    const count = await wms.submitCycleCount({
      location: 'BIN-A-01-03',
      item: 'MAT-300',
      countedQuantity: 0, // System shows 50
      countType: 'BLIND',
      varianceThreshold: 5,
      criticalThreshold: 50
    });

    expect(count.variancePercent).toBe(100);
    expect(count.status).toBe('RECOUNT_REQUIRED');
    expect(count.recountAssigned).toBe(true);
    expect(count.recountAssignee).not.toBe(count.originalCounter);
  });
});
```

---

## Pick/Pack/Ship Workflow Testing

### Wave Management
```javascript
describe('Wave Planning and Release', (