frames
Extract frames from a video file or screen recording (.mov, .mp4, .webm, .avi, .mkv) so Claude can view, review, or analyze it. Do NOT use for GIF conversion (use /gif instead).
What this skill does
# Video to Frames ultrathink Claude cannot view video files directly but can view images. Extract frames using ffmpeg, then read a sample. Claude supports up to 600 images per request with the 1M context window, so sampling can be generous. ## Environment - ffmpeg: !`which ffmpeg 2>/dev/null && ffmpeg -version 2>&1 | head -1 || echo "NOT INSTALLED - run: brew install ffmpeg"` If ffmpeg is NOT INSTALLED, stop immediately and tell the user to install it. Do not attempt any extraction. ## Workflow Parse the video path from `$ARGUMENTS`. ### Step 1: Copy + Probe File paths with spaces and special characters break quoting. Copy to a clean `/tmp` path using glob on a unique substring (timestamp, keyword). ```bash /bin/cp -f /path/to/dir/*UNIQUE_PART* /tmp/video.mov && \ ffprobe -v error -select_streams v:0 -show_entries stream=r_frame_rate,duration -of csv=p=0 /tmp/video.mov ``` **Example for** `Screen Recording 2026-01-10 at 11.33.27 AM.mov`: ```bash /bin/cp -f ~/Desktop/Screen*11.33.27* /tmp/video.mov && \ ffprobe -v error -select_streams v:0 -show_entries stream=r_frame_rate,duration -of csv=p=0 /tmp/video.mov ``` ### Step 2: Extract frames Select FPS based on duration from the probe output. Scale to 640px width to save context tokens. | Duration | FPS | Rationale | |----------|-----|-----------| | <5s | native | Short clip, need full detail | | 5-30s | 2 | 10-60 frames | | 30s-2min | 1 | 30-120 frames | | >2min | 0.5 | Keep frame count manageable | ```bash trash /tmp/video-frames 2>/dev/null; mkdir -p /tmp/video-frames && \ ffmpeg -y -v warning -i /tmp/video.mov -vf "fps=FPS,scale=640:-1" /tmp/video-frames/frame_%04d.png && \ /bin/ls /tmp/video-frames/ | wc -l ``` For short videos (<5s), omit the `fps=` filter but keep the scale: ```bash ffmpeg -y -v warning -i /tmp/video.mov -vf "scale=640:-1" /tmp/video-frames/frame_%04d.png ``` To extract a specific time range, add `-ss START -t DURATION` before `-i`: ```bash ffmpeg -y -v warning -ss 00:01:00 -t 10 -i /tmp/video.mov -vf "fps=2,scale=640:-1" /tmp/video-frames/frame_%04d.png ``` ### Step 3: Read frames List frames, then read a sample evenly distributed across the video. Use parallel Read calls for speed. ```bash /bin/ls /tmp/video-frames/ ``` | Frame count | Frames to read | |-------------|----------------| | <30 | All | | 30-100 | 15-20 evenly spaced | | 100-300 | 30-40 evenly spaced | | >300 | 50-60 evenly distributed | Pick frame numbers evenly spaced across the total. Read them with the Read tool, multiple per response. ## Why the Copy Pattern? | Problem | Solution | |---------|----------| | Spaces in filenames | `/bin/cp -f` with glob handles any filename | | Quoted paths fail | Glob avoids quoting issues | | `cd` fails (zoxide) | Never use `cd`, use absolute paths | | Shell aliases interfere | Use `/bin/cp`, `/bin/ls` for reliability | ## Gotchas - `scale=640:-1` fails on videos with odd-height dimensions. Use `scale=640:-2` if ffmpeg errors with "height not divisible by 2". - HDR screen recordings (common on Apple XDR displays) produce washed-out frames. Check `color_transfer=smpte2084` in probe output and tone-map to SDR first with `avconvert`. - Long videos at native FPS can dump thousands of PNGs and eat gigabytes of `/tmp` disk. Always check duration before extracting and pick a conservative FPS. - If ffprobe returns no duration (e.g., some `.webm` or piped streams), the FPS table breaks. Fall back to 1 FPS and count frames after extraction. - Glob-based copy (`/bin/cp -f *UNIQUE*`) matches multiple files if the substring isn't unique. Verify only one file matches before proceeding.
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